The electrostatic attraction has a conservative force. It is a force that can either pull or push two electrically charged objects apart. The work accomplished per unit, or in bringing it from infinity to that point, against the electrostatic force without acceleration, determines the electrostatic potential at any location in an electric field.
Examples of electrostatic potential energy:
We all have childhood memories of rubbing scales on our heads in an effort to attract pieces of paper. An excellent illustration of an electrostatic phenomenon is this.
Electrostatic Charge
We are all aware of the charge that moves through conductors and is referred to as “electricity.” Since insulators do not let the passage of the charge, the charge may also be present on them and is known as an electrostatic charge.
There are two categories of charges:
A charge is determined by adding or subtracting electrons from an atom. A positively charged atom will have more protons than electrons, whereas a negatively charged atom would have more electrons than protons.
Electrostatic Potential
A point’s potential is the amount of labor required per unit charge to transport a charge from infinity to a particular point.
The amount of effort required to move a unit positive test charge from one location to another without accelerating against electrostatic force is what is referred to as the work.
Capacitance
We are familiar with the notions of resistance, conductance, and electric current. On the other hand, understanding capacitance is essential to understanding electricity. Power cannot be stored, as you may have heard. On the other hand, capacitors can hold electrical charges.
What is Capacitor
Capacitors are sometimes known as electric condensers. A capacitor is a two-terminal electronic component. It’s capable of holding electrical charge-based energy in reserve. Typically, capacitors are made to strengthen and magnify the effects of capacitance. As a result, they take into account attributes including size and shape. The storage capabilities of capacitors range from very little to very large.
Making of a Capacitor
Two electrical conductors are found in the majority of capacitors. The conductors are separated using metallic plates. Electrolytes, thin films, metal sintered beads, and other materials can serve as conductors.
Capacitor Rating
Even while two capacitors may have the same capacitance value, they may have different voltage ratings. Consider two capacitors, one with a low voltage rating and the other with a high voltage rating. When a capacitor with a lower voltage rating is used in place of one with a higher rating, the smaller capacitor performs better.
Voltage spikes that occur suddenly may cause this. DC values of 1000V, 400V, 250V, 160V, 100V, 63V, 50V, 35V, 25V, 16V, and 10V are typical working voltages for capacitors.
Capacitor characteristics
Capacitors may differ from one another in terms of their qualities or traits. These are some of the characteristics of capacitors:
Capacitance (C)
It is the most important and fundamental characteristic of a capacitor. The units of measurement are pico-Farads (pF), nano-Farads (nF), and micro-Farads (F). This value is typically shown on the capacitor body as a number or words. Consequently, you might just get this value.
Working Voltage
A capacitor can withstand the full amount of direct current (DC) or alternating current (AC) applied to it during its lifespan without experiencing any failure. Working Voltage provides the definition of this claim.
Tolerance
Similar to voltage ratings, capacitors have a tolerance rating. They have a positive to negative value range.
Leakage Current
Electricity is stored in the capacitors. A minuscule DC flow in the nano-amp range (nA) is referred to as a “leakage current” in this context. Leakage current results from the actual motion of electrons across the dielectric material. Additionally, it could be shifted over or around the edges or leads. Therefore, turning off the supply voltage will eventually allow these electrons to discharge the capacitor.
Conclusion
As you can see, electrostatic potential serves as a scalar representation of the area surrounding a charge arrangement and is crucial for determining the amount of labor necessary. The ability of a component or circuit to gather and retain energy in the form of an electrical charge is referred to as capacitance, on the other hand. If you want to do well on the NEET, you must understand electrostatic potential and capacitance. The best institute for NEET preparation in Bangalore boosts your basic knowledge in topics like these to help you grasp physics. DR Academy‘s top NEET coaching in Bangalore & Hyderabad prepares students from the ground up to ensure that they fully understand all subjects and topics.
